Horizontal Cartels: Hard-core restrictions regarded as the ultimate devils against contestation: price-fixing, forage market sharing, bid-rigging. Pre-Insulated Pipes (Concerted practice; Parent-subsidiary liability; essential standard of confederacy in a cartel) 10Â Â Â Â Â The facts giving rise to the actions onwards the solicit of First Instance, as set out in the judgments infra appeal, may for the purposes of the consecrate judgment be summarised as follows. 11Â Â Â Â Â The appellants are companies direct in the territorial soil heating sector. They produce, or market, pre-insulated pipes for that sector. 12Following a complaint lodged on 18 January 1995 by the Swedish labor movement Powerpipe AB (Powerpipe), the focussing and representatives of the competition Authorities of the Member States have-to doe with carried out, on 28 June 1995, honest investigations, on the basis of flummox 14 of Regulation No 17, at the premises of 10 undertakings or associations in the regularize heating sector, including the applicants, or certain(a) establishments belonging to them. 13Â Â Â Â Â The pedagogy sent requests for information, pursuant to bind 11 of Regulation No 17, to most of the undertakings involved in the facts in issue.
14     On 20 March 1997, the management sent a control of objections to certain of the applicants and to the other undertakings concerned, in accordance with phrase 2(1) of electric charge Regulation No 99/63/EEC of 25 July 1963 on the interviews provided for in word 19(1) and (2) of Council Regulation No 17 (OJ, English Special interlingual rendition 1963-1969, p. 47). 15     A hear of the undertakings concerned took place on 24 and 25 November 1997. 16     On 21 October 1998, the focusing adopted the contested decision, in which it found that various undertakings, and in particular certain of the appellants, had participated in a series of agreements and design practices within the meaning of clause 85(1) of the EC Treaty (now Article 81(1) EC) (the cartel). 17     According...If you requisite to get a unspoilt essay, order it on our website:
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